Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) Practice Test 2025 – Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Exam Success

In the context of institutions and communities, a disaster is defined as an event that disrupts normal operations and affects surrounding communities. This definition highlights two crucial aspects: disruption and impact. A disaster not only interrupts the regular functions of an institution but also extends its effects to the surrounding community, potentially leading to widespread consequences such as damage to infrastructure, loss of resources, and harm to individuals and systems.

The other options do not reflect the full scope of what constitutes a disaster. Describing a disaster as a minor incident implies a lack of serious consequences, which contradicts the nature of a disaster that typically entails significant disruption. Similarly, characterizing a disaster as an unplanned event with no significant impact fails to account for the inherent severity and disruptive nature of a disaster. Finally, the notion of a planned event contradicts the unpredictable and often chaotic characteristics associated with disasters, reinforcing the idea that genuine disasters are unexpected and can lead to significant challenges for both institutions and communities.